38 Both ionization and dissociation produce ions of the solute in solution.
How do the two processes differ? Write two differences. *

Detail is given below

Explanation:

Differences:

Ionization involves the formation of ions while in dissociation substance are break into atoms, ions or molecules.

In ionization atoms and molecules gain positive or negative charge.

While in dissociation positive and negative ions are not essentially formed substance could be break into neutral small particles.

Ionization occur in covalent compounds while dissociation occur in ionic compound.

Ionization example:

Cl + e⁻    →  Cl⁻

Dissociation example:

NaCl   →   Na⁺ + Cl⁻

Here sodium and chloride ions are formed but in sodium chloride these ions were already present.

Another example:

N₂O₄   →     2NO₂

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.