Chemistry, 19.12.2020 09:10 mirianplacencia27

Magnesium has two valence electrons and oxygen has six valence electrons. The electronegativity difference between the two elements is 2.13. How can the octet rule be used to explain the bonding between magnesium and oxygen?

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Answer from: 860jay

The octet rule states that an outer shell with eight valence electrons is complete, any less than eight is not fully complete and the element with bond with other elements in order to complete the outer shell. Since magnesium has two valence electrons and oxygen has six, they will bond together for form a complete shell of eight valence electrons.

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Answer from: Quest

They are all decomposition reactions.

Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

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Magnesium has two valence electrons and oxygen has six valence electrons. The electronegativity diff...

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