The diagram below shows a longitudinal wave at one instant in its motion. Each oval represents a particle acted on by the energy of the wave as it moves from left to right. Which line on the diagram indicates a region of rarefaction?

It is the middle one on the bottom

Explanation:

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the number of valence electrons for each molecule or ion is shown beneath the structure. remember hydrogen will not have more than two electrons. this hydrogen is part of a covalent bond (sharing two electrons). a double bond here would cause hydrogen to share four electrons with phosphorus.

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