g Under what conditions is the Nernst equation used to calculate cell potential voltages in a voltaic cell

- aluminum and copper chloride.

- the chloride ion to separate the aluminum from the oxygen so that the aluminum can react with the copper ions (and the water molecules).

"among the transition metal elements, manganese and zinc have a slight lowering of electronegativities. the reason behind this is that the nuclear charges of these elements are slightly weaker than the other transition metal elements due to the way their valence electrons are filled up. both manganese and zinc have their valence electrons filled up to the 4th shell with 1 pair of electrons (4s2) completely occupying it. although the electrons in the 3rd shell (3d) are yet to be paired since the outer most shell is filled up, the ability of the nucleus to attract electrons is lessened. hence,   the electronegativity (or the ability to attract electrons) is lessened."

both adhesion and cohesion are attractions.

they are different in that adhesion is the force of attraction between the molecules of two different substances, whereas cohesion is the force of attraction between molecules of the same substance.

possible examples include capillary action, in which the adhesion between water and glass causes the water to rise in a narrow tube against the force of gravity.

because of hydrogen bonding, water is extremely cohesive.

this causes molecules on the surface of water to be drawn inward, which is why drops of water form beads on smooth surfaces.

hope this .