Which two natural processes do scientists exploit to genetically manipulated E. Coli

What happens to energy in an open system?

What are the first two quantum numbers for the electrons located in subshell 4d? what are the first three quantum numbers for the electrons located in subshell 2s? how many electrons can be held in a sublevel l = 3? how many electrons can be held in the energy level n = 4? how many electrons in an atom can share the quantum numbers n = 4 and l = 3?

Elements in group 2 are all called alkaline earth metals. what is most similar about the alkaline earth metals?