The nucleus of an element contains more protons then electrons. this is referred to a?

ion

However atoms may gain or lose electrons in ordinary chemical reactions. If an atom has the same number of electrons as protons, it is a neutral atom. If it has a net charge, (more or less electrons than protons) it is an ion. If it has more electrons than protons it has a net negative charge and is known as an anion.

Explanation:

in scientific notation, the value of the  speed of light in a vacuum

  will be written as 2.995 * 10^8. when this value is represented in the form of

  a * 10^b, then, a = 2.995 and b = 8.

the value of the speed of light in a vacuum given above can also be rounded up to approximately 300000000. in this case, the scientific notation will be written as 3 *10^8.

answer; the numbers of valence electrons in the acetic acid molecule (ch3co2h) is 24;