1. The statement that the first ionization energy for an oxygen atom is lower than the first ionization energy for a nitrogen atom is a) inconsistent with the general trend relating changes in ionization energy across a period from left to right, due to the fact that oxygen has one doubly-occupied 2p orbital and nitrogen does not
b) consistent with the general trend relating changes in ionization energy across a period from left to right, because it is harder to take an electron from an oxygen atom than from a nitrogen atom
c) inconsistent with the general trend relating changes in ionization energy across a period from left to right, due to the fact that the oxygen atom has two doubly-occupied 2p orbitals and nitrogen has only one
d) consistent with the general trend relating changes in ionization energy across a period from left to right, because it is easier to take an electron from an oxygen atom than from a nitrogen atom
e) incorrect
2. Match the principle with the description.
Principle Description 1. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle a. Bodies can lose energy only in quantized amounts. 2. Pauli Exclusion Principle b. It is impossible to determine simultaneously the position and speed of a particle with extreme accuracy. 3. Hund's Rule c. The electrons in a given atom must differ in the value of at least one of their 4 quantum numbers. 4. Planck's Hypothesis d. Electrons fill orbitals with the same energy so that one e- occupies a different orbital before any orbital is occupied by 2 e-.
a. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
b. 1-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-a
c. 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c d. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
e. 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
3. The second ionization energy of Mg is 1445 kJ/mol. The first ionization energy is
a) 1445 kJ/mol
b) less than 1445 kJ/mol
c) greater than 1445 kJ/mol
d) More information is needed to answer this question.
e) None of these
4. In which group do all the elements have the same number of valence electrons?
a) P, S, Cl b) Ag, Cd, Ar c) Na, Ca, Ba d) N, P, As e) none of these
5.Which of the following best describes an orbital?
a) a space in an atom where an electron is most likely to be found
b) space where electrons are unlikely to be found in an atom
c) space which may contain electrons, protons, and/or neutrons
d) small, walled spheres that contain electrons
e) a single space within an atom that contains all electrons of that atom