According to the cup wall diagrams, why does the double wall vacuum sealed cup outperform the other two cups
Because the particles are moving so fast in a vacuum that
they are able to pass through the walls and transfer more
kinetic energy to the liquid in the cup.
B
The vacuum allows for the all of the particles to pack in tightly
therefore nothing can pass through.
There is little to no transfer of kinetic energy between the
walls of the cups because there are no particles in a vacuum.
And since there is little to no transfer of kinetic energy there
is little to no transfer of temperature. Therefore the liquid
inside stays warmer/colder longer.
The particles in a vacuum do not move at all. Therefore there
is no kinetic energy and nothing can be transferred.

every chemical equation adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. therefore, there must be the same number of atoms of each element on each side of a chemical equation.

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.