Paper chromatography was done on a chloroplast extract using acetone as a solvent. At the end of the chromatography it was found that the solvent traveled 20 cm from the origin and a pigment molecule traveled 17 cm from the origin. Calculate the Rf value of the pigment molecule.

The purpose of this lab exercise will be to examine several factors involved in

photosynthesis.

-The effect of the intensity of light (# of photons per time) on the rate of

photosynthesis and know how to calculate the effect of light intensity on the rate

of photosynthesis

-Isolate and identify the photosynthetic pigments found in the chloroplasts of

spinach leaves - the separation of chloroplast pigments by paper chromatography.

Know how three factors affect capillary action: Molecular weight, Solubility, and

Affinity for the chromatography paper.

-Know what pigments travel the farthest up the paper chromatography:

Carotenes, Xanthophyll, chlorophyll-a, and Chlorophyll-b

-Calculate the Rf of the Paper Chromatography.

-Know how to operate the spectrophotometer.

-Construct an absorption spectrum of chloroplast extract from spinach leaves -

absorption spectrum of chloroplast extract and know what wavelengths are the

least and most strongly absorbed.

• The overall process of photosynthesis is summarized by:

• Notice photosynthesis uses energy (light energy) to make a more complex compound

(glucose). Therefore, photosynthesis is an anabolic and endergonic reaction.

• Cellular Respiration: The process by which the energy stored in food is converted to

ATP and heat. The overall process of cellular respiration is summarized by:

• Notice cellular respiration creates energy (ATP and heat) by breaking down a complex

compound (glucose). Therefore, cellular respiration is a catabolic and exergonic

reaction.

• Plants use special organelles called chloroplasts to absorb light. Chloroplasts contain

special pigments called photosynthetic pigments. A single plant may have different

photosynthetic pigments - each pigment absorbs a specific wavelength (color) of

light.

• In plants, what absorbs energy? Chlorophyll

• Chlorophyll is in chloroplast.

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + LIGHT  C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6O2

• Photosynthesis

– Light energy from the sun is

captured and converted into

chemical energy (sugar)

– Occurs in chloroplasts in

mesophyll cells found in the

tissue of plant leaves

– Chlorophyll is the green

pigment of plants that

absorbs light energy

– CO2 enters and O2 exits

through small pores called

stomata

Photosynthesis

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + LIGHT  C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6O2

• Photosynthesis: Is the process by which light energy is

converted into chemical energy. It occurs in all plants, algae,

and some bacteria. Photosynthesis provides oxygen to the

atmosphere.

• In this process, plants use light energy to convert carbon

dioxide and water into organic molecules and oxygen. In this

process, plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and

water into organic molecules and oxygen. The reactions of

photosynthesis occur in specialized structures called

chloroplasts.

• Light is radiated in very packets called photons, which travel

at specific wavelengths. We can distinguish among the

different wavelengths as differences in color. A prism is often

used to separate white light into its component colors.

Tracking atoms through photosynthesis

Photosynthesis splits water: using heavy oxygen (18)CO2 + 2 H2O  CH2O + H2O + O2

CO2 + 2 H2O  CH2O

Explanation:

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water pollution kills aquatic life. aquatic life includes algae and other plant life that use photosynthesis. photosynthesis takes   c02 out of the air.  

c02is a greenhouse gas.

a electronegativity decreases beacuse the size of nucleus is bigger.