Temperature and kinetic energy have a relationship.

Explanation:

Temperature is also known as the average kinetic energy in a substance.

If there is an absence of heat in a substance, the particles move slower and the kinetic energy decreases. The temperature will be lower, because there is less kinetic energy.

If heat is present or applied, the particles move more, so kinetic energy increases. The temperature will be higher, since there is more kinetic energy.

So, the relationship is: temperature is the measure of average kinetic energy.

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms