A very important observed principle is that atoms tend Select one:
a. to gain or to lose electrons in a way that leaves them with eight electrons in their first shell.
b. to gain or to lose neutrons in a way that leaves them with a stable valence shell.
c. to gain or to lose electrons in a way that leaves them with eight electrons in their valence shell.
d. to gain or to lose protons in a way that leaves them with a stable valence shell.