What is water of crystallization? in simple terms

Answer asap need by wednesday morning explain how a buffer works, using an ethanoic acid/sodium ethanoate system including how the system resists changes in ph upon addition of a small amount of base and upon addition of a small amount of acid respectively. include the following calculations in your i. calculate the ph of a solution made by mixing 25cm3 0.1m ch3cooh and 40cm3 0.1m ch3coo-na+. [ka = 1.74 x 10-5 m] ii. calculate the ph following the addition of a 10cm3 portion of 0.08 m naoh to 500cm3 of this buffer solution. iii. calculate the ph following the addition of a 10cm3 portion of 0.08 m hcl to 200cm3 of the original buffer solution.

Which statement is true about a catalyst? a: a catalyst decreases the rate of the reaction. b. a catalyst is consumed during a chemical reaction. c. a catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction. d. a catalyst increases the reactant concentration during a reaction.

Upon decomposition, one sample of magnesium fluoride produced 1.65 kg of magnesium and 2.56 kg of fluorine. a second sample produced 1.32 kg of magnesium. part a how much fluorine (in grams) did the second sample produce?