Ernest Rutherford and Henry Moseley used this subatomic
particle to differentiate atoms by
their atomic number.

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.

no, the red giant is the hottest with 2.00.000.000 degrees celsius. while the white dwarf only 25,000 degrees celsius.

2b2t

explanation:

2b2t

your answer is a. the enthalpy of formation for a pure element in its standard state is always positive.