To separate a mixture of p-toluidine and p-nitrotoluene dissolved in ether: a. extract the ether solution with aqueous HCl and treat the water layer with aqueous NaOH.
b. extract the ether solution with aqueous NaOH and treat the water layer with aqueous HCl.
c. extract the ether solution with water and treat the water layer with aqueous NaOH.
d. extract the ether layer with aqueous HCl and treat the ether layer with aqueous NaOH.
e. extract the ether solution with aqueous HCl and treat the ether layer with aqueous HCl.

extract the ether solution with aqueous HCl and treat the water layer with aqueous NaOH.

Explanation:

p-toluidine is a basic compound, it can react with aqueous HCl to form p-Toluidine hydrochloride and is recovered subsequently.

An alkali such as NaOH can be used to recover the p-toluidine. The neutral compound, p-nitrotoluene, will remain in the ether layer and can be recovered by evaporating the solution.

in chemistry, adhesion and cohesion are attractive forces that exist between molecules. they hold the molecules together from each other. they are different in that adhesive force exists between molecules of different substance while cohesive force happens between molecules of same substance.

adhesion between water and glass causes water molecules at the edge of water and glass interface to climb up the wall in a narrow glass tube. this is called capillary action. cohesion is what gives glass its shape and causes water to form a droplet.