What was the initial potential energy of the book?, and what is its total kinetic energy at the instant just before it strikes the floor?

Complete question:

Imagine a book that is falling from a shelf. At a particular moment during its fall, the book has a kinetic energy of 25 J.

What was the initial potential energy of the book, and what is its total kinetic energy at the instant just before it strikes the floor?

the initial potential energy = 25 J

the total kinetic energy is 50 J

Explanation:

At any instant of fall the potential energy will be converted to kinetic energy.

At the instant when the kinetic energy is 25 J, the initial potential energy has been converted to 25 J

Thus, the initial potential energy = 25 J

The instant just before it strikes the floor, the potential energy has been converted to kinetic energy.

Total kinetic energy = 25 J + 25 J = 50 J

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.

hi my dude or dudette