Calculate the pH after the addition of 10.0 mL of 0.240 M sodium hydroxide to 50.0 mL of 0.120 M acetic acid.

pH = 4.58

Explanation:

The reaction of NaOH with acetic acid, CH₃COOH occurs as follows:

NaOH + CH₃COOH → CH₃COO⁻Na⁺ + H₂O

Moles that react:

NaOH = 10mL = 0.010L * (0,240mol / L) = 0.0024 moles NaOH

CH₃COOH = 50.0mL = 0.050L * (0.120mol / L) = 0.0060 moles CH₃COOH

That means after the reaction you will have:

CH₃COOH: 0.0060 mol - 0.0024 mol = 0.0036 moles

CH₃COO⁻Na⁺: 0.0024 moles

in solution, you will have the mixture of a weak acid (Acetic acid), with its conjugate base (sodium acetate, CH₃COO⁻Na⁺). And pH of this buffer can be determined using H-H equation:

pH = pKa + log [A⁻] / [HA]

For Acetic buffer pKa = 4.76:

pH = 4.76 + log [CH₃COO⁻Na⁺] / [CH₃COOH]

Where [] is molarity of each species or moles

Replacing:

pH = 4.76 + log [0.0024 moles] / [0.0036 moles]