The numbers of nucleons required to generate complete shells in the nucleus are called: A. nuclear numbers
B. shell numbers
C. special numbers
D. magic numbers

The correct answer is option D, that is, magic numbers.

Explanation:

The magic number in nuclear physics refers to the number of nucleons, that is, either neutrons or protons, distinctly, such that their alignment results in the formation of complete shells within the nucleus of the atom. As a consequence, atomic nuclei comprising a magic number of neutrons or protons are much more stable in comparison to other nuclei.  

The seven most broadly known magic numbers are 2,8,20,28,50,85 and 126.  

when the volume of gas is   changed from   717.73 ml   to 852 ml   the temperature will   change   from 315   c to 452   c

    calculation

this is calculated using the charles law formula

that is,   v1/t1 = v2/t2

          v1=?

        t1 = 315 c   into   kelvin = 315 +273 = 588 k

        v2 = 852   ml

        t2 = 425c + 273 =698 k

make v1   the subject of the formula ( by   multiplying both side by t1)

  v1=( v2 xt1) / t2

v1= (852 ml   x 588 k)/ 698 k= 717.73 ml