Briefly explain how magnetic behavior is related to the arrangement of valence electrons in the outer orbitals

Elements with unpaired valence electrons in the outer orbital are paramagnetic. Elements that are predicted to exhibit paramagnetic behavior may exhibit ferromagnetic behavior. Elements that contain only paired valence electrons are diamagnetic.

dynamic equilibrium is the answer.

the transfer of heat by electromagnetic radiation is called thermal radiation . it is usually carried out by electromagnetic waves in an energy range just below the visible spectrum, which is the infrared range.

so the answer would be radiation.

: )