Why does carbon form covalent bonds?

Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell. ... Therefore, carbon completes its octet by sharing its 4 electrons with other carbon atoms or with atoms of other elements and forms covalent bond. It forms strong covalent bonds because of its small size.

Explanation:

chemical properties are the characteristic of matter which can only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a sample like flammability reactivity and toxicity.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.