If the percentage of fuel in a fuel-air mixture falls below a certain value called the lower flammability limit (LFL), which is sometimes referred to as the lower explosion limit (LEL), the mixture cannot be ignited. In addition there is an upper flammbility limit (UFL), which is also known as upper explosion limit (UEL). For example, the LFL of propane in air is 2.3 mole % C3H8 and the UFL is 9.5 %.If the percentage of propane in a propane-air mixture is greater than 2.3 % and less than 9.5 %, the gas mixture can ignite if it exposed to a flame or spark. A mixture of propane in air containing 4.03 mole % C3H8 (fuel gas) is the feed to a coombustion furnace. If there is a problem in the furnace, a stream of pure air (dilution air) is added to the fuel mixture prior to the furnace inlet to make sure that ignition is not possible. a) Draw and label a flowchart of the fuel gas-dilution air mixing unit, presuming that the gas entering the furnace contains propane at the LFL, and do the degree of freedom analysis. b) If porpane flows at a rate of 150 mol C3H8/s in the original fuel-air mixture, what is the minimum molar flow rate of the dilution air?c) How would the actual dilution air feed probably compare with the value calculated in Part (b)? (<,>,=) Explain.

Show transcript transcripts online experiment: atomic structure [the history of atomic theory] this animation will you test rutherford’s hypothesis that it took a great number of shots to actually hit the nucleus because the size of the atom was so much larger than the nucleus.[clipboard and pencil with a diagram of rutherford’s gold foil experiment] we are going to use a cardboard box to represent the atom, a wooden block to represent the nucleus, and marbles to represent the alpha particles. [animated cardboard box, wooden block, and marbles] the box’s measurements are: length = 50 cm, width = 25 cm, and height = 25 cm. the measurements of the block are: length = 10 cm, width = 10 cm, and height is 5 cm. jose and priscilla will conduct the experiment. [animated boy and girl] priscilla put the block in the box on the floor. jose will close his eyes and drop marbles into the box trying to hit the block. priscilla will count the number of times the marbles hit the block and move the block in the box after each hit. [animated block moving inside the box. marble dropping into the box.] here is priscilla’s data of how many times the marble hit the block. out of 100 marble drops or shots, the marble hit the block 32 times. [data table: first column: marble, with rows 1 to 100; column 2: hit, with rows indicating yes or no. last row: total hits] now you can follow the directions in the experiment to present your findings. present your findings when you are finished with the experiment, complete the following data analysis and record your answers in the essay box below. determine the volume of the box and the block. determine the ratio of the block to the box: multiply this number by 100 to turn it into a percent. complete this statement: the volume of the block is percent of the volume of the box. determine the ratio of the number of hits to the number of shots: multiply this number by 100 to turn it into a percent. complete this statement: the block was hit percent of the time. compare the results of step 2 to the results of step 3. are the percentages similar? write a conclusion discussing the following items: based on your findings, do you think rutherford's hypothesis was reasonable? restate rutherford's hypothesis and describe how you tested it. state whether your results support the hypothesis. if they do not, can you suggest some error in experimental procedure (other than general human error) that might explain it? finally, explain how this experiment confirms the nuclear model of the atom and the idea that most of the atom is empty space.