How many moles of hydrogen will react with 40g oxygen

2.5 moles

2H2 + O2 = 2H2O

This implies that 2 moles of oxygen is needed to react with one mole of oxygen to form 2 moles of water

It also implies that

2 moles of hydrogen requires 32 grams of oxygen

? moles of hydrogen would require 40 g of oxygen

2 x 40/32 = 2.5 moles

chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. these processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions. some reactions produce heat and are called exothermic reactions and others may require heat to enable the reaction to occur, which are called endothermic reactions. understanding chemical changes is a major part of the science of chemistry.