A 1 liter solution contains 0.247 M nitrous acid and 0.329 M sodium nitrite. Addition of 0.271 moles of calcium hydroxide will: (Assume that the volume does not change upon the addition of calcium hydroxide.)

a. Raise the pH slightly
b. Lower the pH slightly
c. Raise the pH by several units
d. Lower the pH by several units
e. Not change the pH
f. Exceed the buffer capacity

a. Raise the pH slightly

Explanation:

We know that

Pka of HNO2/KNO2 =3.39

Moles of HNO2 in the buffer=0.247 mol/L×1L=0.247 moles

Moles of NO2-=0.329mol/L×1L=0.329 moles

If 0.271 moles of Ca(OH)2 is added it will neutralise 0.136 moles of acid ,HNO2,remaining HNO2=0.247-0.136=0.111 moles

Moles of NO2- will increase as 0.0333 moles Ca(NO)2 will be formed =0.0333+0.036=0.0693 moles

pH=pka+log [base]/[acid]      {henderson -hasselbach equation}

=3.39+log (0.0693/0.0317)=3.39+0.34=3.73

pH=3.73

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

if you're asking what comes out, it's steam.