Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions.
1. From the following list, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring.
a. Activation of the ring towards substitution
i. -CF3
ii. -NO2
iii. -OCOCH3
iv. -NH2

Determine the mass of fuel required for the expected energy consumption in the united states for the next ten years. energy use per person per year in the united states = 3.5 x 1011joules base calculations on current population of 310,000,000.

Quickly! brainliest if two people answer! 1. the blood has red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. red blood cells carry oxygen to other cells in the body. cells need oxygen to live. white blood cells destroy certain germs. they protect our bodies from disease. which question is answered in this paragraph? (a) what is the role of blood vessels? (b) what type of cells are attached to bones? (c) what type of blood cell to clot your blood? (d) what are the different types of blood cells? 2. which sentence from the section "stem cells" best explains the role of stem cells? (a) when one kind of cell stops working, stem cells can . (b) they can turn into that cell and take its place. (c) scientists are studying new ways to use stem cells. (d) these cells can people heal faster. 3. read the selection from the section "nerve cells." nerve cells send messages to the rest of our bodies. these messages move between the brain, spinal cord and various organs. nerve cells are also called neurons. fill in the blank. a "neuron" is a (a) cell that moves information from the brain to other parts of the body (b) stem cell that has both an axon and a dendrite (c) cell that controls the fingers of a body (d) cell that makes up the spinal cord 4. some muscles in our body move without us telling them to. these are called involuntary muscles. some examples are the cardiac muscle cells inside the heart. these cells the heart relax and fill with blood. what is the best definition of "involuntary" based on the context clues? (a) something that happens on its own (b) trying hard to do something (c) something moving back and forth (d) easily moved

Which explanation is true about what happens to a ray of light when it strikes a mirror? a. a light ray is transmitted toward a mirror at a certain angle. the light ray is then reflected by the mirror at an equal angle but in the opposite direction of the transmitted ray. b. an incident ray strikes a mirror at an angle with a line perpendicular to the mirror. the light ray is then reflected at an angle equal to the angle of incidence but on the opposite side of the perpendicular line. c. a reflecting ray strikes a mirror at an angle with a line perpendicular to the mirror. the light ray is then refracted at an angle equal to the angle of the reflecting ray and on the same side of the perpendicular line. d. an incident ray strikes a mirror at an angle with a line parallel to the mirror. the light ray is then transmitted at an angle equal to the angle of incidence but on the opposite side of the parallel line. you so much! : -d take the time to try and answer correctly.