CO2 dissolves in water to form carbonic acid: H2CO3 <---> H+ + HCO3-Ka1 = 4.3 x l0^-7 HCO3- <---> H+ + CO3-2 Ka2 = 4.8 x l0^-11 In an acid solution with pH =4.35 ([H+ ]=4.5x10^-5), what is the ratio [CO3-2] /[H2CO3]?

10^-2

10^-4

10^-6

10^-8

Ratio of [CO₃²⁻] / [H₂CO₃] is 1.0x10⁻⁸

Explanation:

Based on the equilibriums:

H₂CO₃ ⇄ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻ Ka1 = 4.3x10⁻⁷

HCO₃⁻ ⇄ H⁺ + CO₃²⁻ Ka2 = 4.8x10⁻¹¹

The sum of both equilibriums is:

H₂CO₃ ⇄ 2 H⁺ + CO₃²⁻ K' = 4.3x10⁻⁷*4.8x10⁻¹¹ = 2.064x10⁻¹⁷

Where K' is defined as:

K' = 2.064x10⁻¹⁷ = [H⁺]² [CO₃²⁻] / [H₂CO₃]

If concentration of H⁺ is 4.5x10⁻⁵M:

K' = 2.064x10⁻¹⁷ = [4.5x10⁻⁵]² [CO₃²⁻] / [H₂CO₃]

1.0x10⁻⁸ = [CO₃²⁻] / [H₂CO₃]

Thus, ratio of [CO₃²⁻] / [H₂CO₃] is 1.0x10⁻⁸

the earth would become to overheated and everything alive on it will eventually die from overheating. plants will eventually die as well, water will evaporate, and it will be nothing but a hot planet without anything living on it.