Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions. From the following lists, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring.

Activation of the ring towards substitution.

a. -CFS
b. -NO2
c. -OCOCH3
d. -NH2

Withdrawal of electrons through resonance.

a. -OH
b. -CH3
c. -COOH
d. -SO3H

Ortho/para-directed substitution.
a. -CN
b. -NHCOCH3
c. -OCOCH3
d. -COOH

Oxidation-reduction reactions (often called "redox" for short) are reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from one species to another. oxidation states, or oxidation numbers, allow chemists to keep track of these electron transfers. in general, one element will lose electrons (oxidation), with the result that it will increase in oxidation number, and another element will gain electrons (reduction), thereby decreasing in oxidation number. the species that is oxidized is called the reducing agent or reductant. the species that is reduced is called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. to sum up: oxidation = increase in oxidation state = loss of electrons = reducing agent reduction = decrease in oxidation state = gain of electrons = oxidizing agent part a which element is oxidized in this reaction? fe2o3+3co→2fe+3co2 enter the elemental symbol. view available hint(s) is oxidized part b which element is reduced in this reaction? 2hcl+2kmno4+3h2c2o4→6co2+2mno2+2kcl+4h2o enter the elemental symbol. view available hint(s) is reduced

What method(s) do plants use to obtain nitrogen? select all that apply. absorb it from the atmosphere use bacteria to convert nitrogen to usable form obtain usable nitrogen compounds from the soil absorb nitrogen from water taken in at the roots

What must occur for air masses to form fronts