Using data from the appendix, calculate ΔS o rxn and ΔSsurr for each of the reactions and determine if each is spontaneous at 25°C. (a) 2 KClO4(s) → 2 KClO3(s) + O2(g) ΔS o rxn = J/K ΔS o surr = J/K Is the reaction spontaneous at 25°C? yes no (b) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) ΔS o rxn = J/K ΔS o surr = × 10 J/K (enter your answer in scientific notation) Is the reaction spontaneous at 25°C? yes no (c) N2(g) → 2 N(g) ΔS o rxn = J/K ΔS o surr = × 10 J/K (enter your answer in scientific notation) Is the reaction spontaneous at 25°C? yes no

electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopes gives us a greater understanding of atoms by being able to see the atom itself, and lets us see some atomic reactions.

explanation:

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

c, liquids evaporate, creating a gas