The chloromethylated polystyrene resin used for Merrifield solid-phase peptide synthesis is prepared by treatment of polystyrene with chloromethyl methyl ether and a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction involves the following steps: Reaction of the ether with the Lewis acid to form cation 1; Electrophilic aromatic substitution to form resonance stabilized cation 2; Deprotonation yields aromatic ether 3; Protonation to form protonated ether 4; Displacement by chloride ion to form the final product. Write out the mechanism on a separate sheet of paper and then draw the structure of the resonance contributors of the resonance stabilized cation 2.

Explanation:

Attach is the solution

a rain shadow is a dry region of land on the side that is protected against the prevailing winds of a mountain range. the prevailing winds are the winds that occur most of the time in a particular place of the earth

prevailing winds carry air toward the mountain range. as the air rises up over a mountain range, the air cools, water vapor condenses, and clouds form. on this side of the mountains, called the windward side, precipitation falls in the form of  rain  or snow. this dry air produces a  rain shadow.

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.