How can you tell the number of covalent bonds an element can form?

The number of bonds for a neutral atom is equal to the number of electrons in the full valence shell (2 or 8 electrons) minus the number of valence electrons. This method works because each covalent bond that an atom forms adds another electron to an atoms valence shell without changing its charge.

clouds form

solid ice forms on leaves.

water droplets form on grass.

the answer is a and have a great day