Pick an appropriate solvent from the table below to dissolve each substance. State the kind of intermolecular forces that would occur between the solute and solvent in each case.

Common polar solvents Common nonpolar solvents
Water (H2O) Hexane (C6H14)
Acetone (CH3COCH3) Diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3)
Methanol (CH3OH) Toluene (C7H8)
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

What forces would occur between the solute and solvent in isopentyl alcohol (polar, contains an OH group) and ethanol?

Water (H2O) , Methanol (CH3OH) , Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)

Explanation:

The dissolution of a compound depends on the nature of the solvent acting on it. These compounds contains substance that are either polar or non polar.

The solubility of a substance is in conformity with the general rule 'like dissolve like"

We can now define polar solvent as  substances that have a bond between O-H, they have large dipole moment, varying electronegativity and therefore, they dissolve polar substances.

A non polar substance are substance with lesser or equivalent electronegativity and they dissolve non polar substance .

In Isopentyl alcohol, the OH functional group is  attached to the chain making it to be highly electronegative , hence a polar compound .Therefore, solvent required to dissolve in this compound must contain an O-H bond or must be highly electronegative as well . e.g containing an Oxygen , Nitrogen or Fluorine .

From the listed solvents ;

Water is polar and also it can form H bond so it dissolves in.  isopentyl alcohol.

Methanol and Ethanol has OH group giving them the ability to also dissolve   in isopentyl alcohol

Other; including  Hexane (C6H14), Acetone (CH3COCH3) Diethyl ether (CH3CH2OCH2CH3), Toluene (C7H8), Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) will not dissolve in isopentyl alcohol since they are non - polar .

water or (H2O)

methanol or (CH3OH)

ethanol or (CH3CH2OH)

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