Crushing a solid substance increases the rate at which the substance dissolves because crushing
a. decreases the concentration of the substance.
b. increases the kinetic energy of the particles of the solute.
c. causes the particles of the substance to become disarranged.
d. increases the surface area of solute that is exposed to solvent.

d. increases the surface area of solute that is exposed to solvent.

Explanation:

Surface area is a mathematical term, used to refer to the total area that a solid substance occupies. In this case, the more fragmented a solid substance is, the larger its surface area will be. From this we can conclude that crushing a solid substance increases the rate at which the substance dissolves because crushing increases the surface area of the solute that is exposed to the solvent.

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sio2 (quartz)