Explain the relationship between isotopes,
neutrons, atomic mass, and protons.

Atomic mass is the total of number of protons and number of neutrons in an atom or isotope.

Explanation:

Explanation:

Atomic mass: The sum of no. of protons and no. of neutrons

Protons: a subatomic particle with a positive charge

Neutron: a subatomic particle with no charge (neutral)

Isotopes: the same elements with different atomic mass [Eg. uranium-235, uranium-238. Uranium being one element, can have different mass numbers. Hence Uranium-238 is an isotope of Uranium-235]

Therefore:

*Δ= Change in

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.