Benzoic acid dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions and benzoate ions. This reaction is an endothermic reaction:

C6H5COOH(aq)⇌C6H5COO−(aq) + H+(aq)

Suppose this reaction is at equilibrium. The following changes (stresses) will shift the equilibrium toward the product side or toward the reactant side. Classify each of the changes according to which side of the reaction is expected to shift due to the applied change.

1. adding benzoate (C6H5COO-) ions
2. adding NaOH to remove hydrogen ions (H+)
3. adding benzoic acid (C6H5COOH)
4. increasing the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration.
5. cooling the solution.