In order to produce hydroelectric power, they pump water up to the top of a mountain, and as gravity causes the water flow down again, it is used to turn the turbines. If it requires an input of energy to pump water up the mountain, why do they use this process?

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Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. ... The most common type of hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity.

Explanation:

the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be