The cytochromes are heme‑containing proteins that function as electron carriers in the mitochondria. Calculate the difference in the reduction potential (ΔE∘′) and the change in the standard free energy (ΔG∘′) when the electron flow is from the carrier with the lower reduction potential to the higher.

cytochrome c1 (Fe3+) + e − <> cytochrome c1 (Fe2+) E∘′= 0.22 V
cytochrome c (Fe3+) + e − <---> cytochrome c (Fe2+) E∘′= 0.254 V

Calculate Δ E ∘ ′ and Δ G ∘ ′ .

Drag each tile to the correct box arrange the layers not order from oldest to youngest

Sulfuric acid (a component of acid rain) reacts with limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce calcium sulfate and carbon dioxide. this damages buildings and statues made of limestone. which solution of sulfuric acid will damage these structures more quickly? a. 0.001% b. 0.005% c. 0.010% d. 0.015%

Salicylic acid is a very important acid. it is used to synthesize the aspirin by treating with acetic anhydride. a 0.2015-g sample of salicylic acid was dissolved in a 100.00-ml volumetric flask, and the solution was diluted to the mark. a 10-ml aliquot of this solution was titrated with standard naoh (0.01130 + 0.2% n) to a phenolphthalein faint pink color end point at 19.81 ml. (a) (calculate the normality of the salicylic acid solution used in the titration. (b) assuming the salicylic acid is pure, what is the equivalent weight of the salicylic acid? practice problems for the final exam (continued) (c) (calculate the inherent error in the determination of the equivalent weight you calculated in part (b). use the following absolute errors in the equipment /glassware when calculating the inherent error. 5.00-ml pipet: + 0.02 ml 100-ml volumetric flask: + 0.08 ml analytical balance: + 0.2 mg 25-ml buret: + 0.03 ml