An aqueous solution is 1.00% by mass and has a density of 1.071 at 25°C. The observed osmotic pressure of this solution is 7.83 atm at 25°C. The molal freezing-point depression constant for water is 1.86°C kg/mol.
What fraction of the moles of NaCl in this solution exist as ion pairs?
Calculate the freezing point that would be observed for this solution

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.

i have no clue hope you find the answer

c-14 is carbon-14, or radiocarbon.   it is a radioactive isotope of carbon with an atomic nucleus containing 6 protons and 8 neutrons.