Pigments allow photosynthetic organisms to capture solar energy, which is the "fuel" that makes photosynthesis possible.
Most photosynthetic organisms contain chlorophyll, the pigment that gives them a green color, which masks other pigments that are seen in certain periods of the year. Pigments called carotenoids to give photosynthesizing cells an orange to yellow to red color. In addition, the carotenoids give red algae their red color and cyanobacteria a bluish color. The main energy-producing organelles of plants are called chloroplasts and have two major parts. The grana of chloroplasts are made up of thylakoids, membranous disks that contain photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophylls a and b which are responsible for absorbing solar energy. The stroma is a fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids where carbon dioxide is enzymatically reduced to carbohydrates such as glucose and starch.
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