The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that:

A) the entropy of the universe increases during a spontaneous process.
B) the heat content of the universe increases during a spontaneous process.
C) energy is conserved in a spontaneous process.
D) all of these are valid components of the second law.
E) None of these is correct.

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe increases during a spontaneous process.

Explanation:

According to the second law of thermodynamics, for an isolated system there will always be increase in entropy of entire Universe with time.  

As we know that entropy is the degree of disorder present in a substance. This means more randomly the molecules will be moving more will be the entropy of system.

For example, a metal spoon placed in a hot coffee cup. Here, heat will flow from coffee to the metal spoon.

Thus, we can conclude that the second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe increases during a spontaneous process.

alkaline metals are lithium, sodium, rubidium, potassium, cesium and francium.

alkali metals have electronegativity from 0.7 to 1, lowest in periodic table of elements, which means that alkali metals (i group in periodic table) has positive oxidation number in compounds.

electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

alkaline metals (far left in main group) have lowest ionizations energy and easy remove valence electrons,

for example, potassium is the alkali metal and has a single valence electron in the outer electron shell.

electron configuration of potassium is: ₁₉k 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹.

they can not exist alone in nature, because they are very reactive.

< > according to newton's third law of motion, forces always act in equal but opposite pairs. another way of saying this is for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction.< >