Explain how each of the following errors would have altered your results. Clearly explain why your calculations would be high, low, or unchanged.

a. The pH buffers used to calibrate the pH meter were each 0.5 pH units high (4.5 and 7.5 rather than 4.0 and 7.0 respectively).

b. You decided to take the pH after each addition of 5.0 mL of NaOH rather than after every 0.5 mL during the neutralization of your acid sample.

c. While using the Half Volume method, your solution was dark pink (you overshot the endpoint) and you added the unreacted acid to this solution.

d. You refilled your buret between titrations of your unknown acid. Instead of using 0.1 M NaOH as you did for the first titration, you used 0.2 M NaOH.

plants need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food. plants use the raw materials of water, nutrients they absorb from soil, and carbon dioxide to make sugars the plant can use. energy from the sun and chlorophyll are also needed.

a gas, having a molecular weight of 13 kg/kmol and a kinematic viscosity of 0.25 cm2/s, flows through a pipe 0.25 m internal diameter and 5 km long at the rate of 0.4 m3/s and is delivered at atmospheric pressure.

c. electrical charges of ionic bonds.

the dissociation of nickel hydroxide is follows:

the concentration of hydroxide ion is

the equilibrium constant value of nickel hydroxide is = 6.1 * 10^-^1^6 and thus equilibrium equation can be written as:

thus, concentration of ni is 0.23 * 10^-^4 mol /l