Atoms or molecules with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons are.

Such entities are termed as ions

Explanation:

When atoms or molecules are subjected to net loss or gain of electrons, a net charge is developed in those atoms or molecule and now these atoms or molecules are termed as ions.

They become positive ions if the charge developed is due to the loss of electrons and they become negative ions if the charge developed is due to the gain of electrons. Only the loss of outer electrons takes place in the formation of ions because these electrons are loosely bonded.

the ratio of the conjugate base to the acid required to attain the desired ph.

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