The Xenopus laevis oocyte is roughly 1mm in diameter. After fertilization, it undergoes mitosis, a process requiring the coordination of proteins at various locations within the large cell.

a) If this event were coordinated by diffusion alone, estimate how long it would take for a message to reach from one side of the cell to the other if it was passed through a Ca2+ ion?
b) How long would it take for a message to be transmitted through the diffusion of a small protein?
c) How long would it take if the message to reach the other side of the cell if it were carried on a transmembrane protein with diffusion coefficient of 0.2

a)  the diffusion length  = 1000 micrometers;

so if the diffusion co-efficient is also known or given; we can therefore deduce the time taken( i.e  how long it would take for a message to reach from one side of the cell to the other).

b) We need to be given the data value concerning the diffusion coefficient of the protein.

c) 1.234 × 10⁷ seconds

Explanation:

a)

In a controlled transportation that occurs in diffusion; the time taken can be expressed as:

Now; if a message is passed through a ion, From studies; we know that these ions are infinitesimally smaller in size in the channels.

Also the information being carried through the ions are bound to be transported diagonally across the cell.

However; the diffusion length  = 1000 micrometers;

so if the diffusion co-efficient is also known or given; we can therefore deduce the time taken( i.e  how long it would take for a message to reach from one side of the cell to the other).

b) Since; we don't know the information concerning the diffusion coefficient of the protein, then it is quite not possible to determine how long it would take for a message to be transmitted through the diffusion of a small protein.

c) Here; we are given the value of the diffusion coefficient to be = 0.2 micrometer²/seconds

In a transmembrane protein; the diffusion length is half the circumference of the cell which is =

=

= 1570.8 micrometers

Now;the time taken can now be calculated as:

thats how its supposed to be

hurricanes form when warm, moist air from the ocean surface quickly rises into the atmosphere and forms storm clouds and rain. when the clouds are formed, heat is released which warms the cool air in the upper regions of the atmosphere so that the cycle can continue. which two phases of the water cycle are repeated in this process?