The atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration could exceed 500 ppm by 2040 under the "business-as-usual" scenario. Using graphical methods, compare the equilibrium pH and composition of rainwater at pre-industrial levels (~280 ppm) to that of 2040 (~500 ppm). Show your calculations, equations, balances, equilibria relationships, data tables, and plots for full points.

The yearly amounts of carbon emissions from cars in belgium are normally distributed with a mean of 13.9 gigagrams per year and a standard deviation of 5.8 gigagrams per year. find the probability that the amount of carbon emissions from cars in belgium for a randomly selected year are between 11.5 gigagrams and 14.0 gigagrams per year. a. 0.340 b. 0.660 c. 0.167 d. 0.397