In which example is the entropy of the initial state greater than the entropy of the final state? 1. A building collapses during an earthquake. 2. Liquid water evaporates. 3. A lump of sugar dissolves in a cup of warm water. 4. Liquid water freezes into ice.

The correct option is;

4. Liquid water freezes into ice.

Explanation:

The entropy of an object is an indication of the amount of energy in the that is not available to perform work. It is also defined as the level of randomness or uncertainty that is a measure of the number of possible ways the particles in a system can be arranged.

Entropy is ascribed to the count of microscopic configurations that mirrors the macroscopic  aggregations the system is known for.

Examples of entropy increasing, increasing disorder/randomness of particles of the system, are as follows.

1. Camp fire where burning of firewood turns the solid wood into ash dust, gases and smoke, spreading more energy than the solid wood by itself.

2. Melting of ice

3. Dissolution of sugar

4. Popcorn production from corn

5. Boiling water.

alkaline metals are lithium, sodium, rubidium, potassium, cesium and francium.

alkali metals have electronegativity from 0.7 to 1, lowest in periodic table of elements, which means that alkali metals (i group in periodic table) has positive oxidation number in compounds.

electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

alkaline metals (far left in main group) have lowest ionizations energy and easy remove valence electrons,

for example, potassium is the alkali metal and has a single valence electron in the outer electron shell.

electron configuration of potassium is: ₁₉k 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹.

they can not exist alone in nature, because they are very reactive.