The second law of thermodynamics states that:

a. mass and energy are conserved in all chemical reactions.
b. the total energy of the universe is constant.
c. there is no disorder in a perfect crystal at 0 K.
d. the total energy of the universe is always increasing.
e. in a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases.

Joe shines white light into a bowl half full of water at an angle of incident of 27.5°. calculate the angle of refraction in the water given the indices of refraction for air and water are 1.00 and 1.36, respectively.

3.09 lab: reaction of metals 1 which combinations of substances resulted in a chemical change? for each metal that participated in a chemical change, write the type of metal it is, based on your examination of the periodic table. were there any metallic compounds that did not react with either the acid or the base? write the type of metal, based on your examination of the periodic table. make a general statement about the reactivity of the metals in this experiment.

In a 28 g serving of cheese curls there are 247mg of sodium. how much sodium is in a 12.5 ounce bag