List these electron subshells in order of increasing energy. 5s , 4d , 5p , 6s
Note for advanced students: you may assume these subshells are all in an atom with many electrons, not a hydrogen atom.

The increasing order of energy for the electron sub-shells are 5s 4d 5p 6s.

Explanation:

Using Nuclear Shell model and Aufbau principle, the orbitals are arranged in terms of increasing energy as follows. Even though 4d is in 4th shell compared to 5s in 5th shell, the energy level of 4d is more than in 5s because of the more number of electrons.

This is because of the aufbau rule of filling the lower n+l value orbital before filling the higher n+l orbitals. As the states are given as 4d and 5s, the n and l value for 4d is 4 and 2, respectively.

Similarly, the n and l value for 5s is 5 and 0. So the lower n+l state will be 5s and then 4d. Similarly, the states are followed by 5p and 6s. So the increasing order of energy for electron subshells are 5s 4d 5p 6s.

when 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l naoh was mixed in a calorimeter with 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l hcl, both initially at 20.0 °c, the temperature increased to 22.1 °c. the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 279 j/°c.

the equation for the reaction is:

naoh + hcl → nacl + h₂o

moles of hcl = 0.0250 l hcl ×

0.700

mol hcl

1 l hcl = 0.0175 mol hcl

volume of solution = (25.0 + 25.0) ml = 50.0 ml

mass of solution = 50.0 ml soln ×

1.00

ml soln

= 50.0 g soln

δt=t2-t1

= (22.1 – 20.0) °c = 2.1 °c

the heats involved are

heat from neutralization + heat to warm solution + heat to warm calorimeter = 0

q1+q2+q3=0

nδh+mcδt+cδt=0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 50.0 g × 4.184 j·g⁻¹°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c + 279 j°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 439.32 j + 585.9 j = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

= -1025.22 j

δh=1025.22j0.0175 mol= -58 600 j/mol = -58.6 kj/mol