7. State the relationship between the concentration of ions and the boiling point for these solutions.
8. Explain, in terms of ions, why the ability to conduct an electric current is greater for the solution in
beaker 4 than for the solution in beaker 1.
9. Identify the solute and the solvent used in this investigation.

            Solvent: H₂O

Explanation:

7. Elevation of the boling point.

The elevation of the boiling point of a solution respect to the pure solvent is a colligative property, meaning that it is proportional to the concentration of the solute particles.

Where, ΔTb is the elevation on the boiling point, Tb is the (elevated) boiling of the solution, point, Tb° is the boiling point of the pure solvent, i is the Van't Hoof factor, and C is the molal concentration (molality)

Thus the relation of the boiling point with the mola concentration (molality) is linear.

Using the table and some calculations, you can determine this relationship:

Trial  Mass of water   mass NaCl    moles NaCl     m             Tb

             kg                      g                   mol            mol/kg       ºC

  1        0.1                     8.76              0.15               1.5             101.5

 2        0.1                    17.52             0.30              3.0             103.1

 3        0.1                    20.28            0.45              4.5             104.6

 4        0.1                   35.04             0.60              6.0             106.1        

The number of moles for each trial were determinated dividing the mass in grams of the solute by the molar mass (58.44g/mol).

The molality concentrations (mole of solue per kg of solvent) were determined dividing the number of moles of each trial by the amount of solvent in kg.

As you see in the table, the column of Tb increases by an approximate constant value of 1.5ºC and the column of the molal concentration increases at a constant value of 0.15mol. Thus there is a constante rate of change of 1.5ºC/0.15mol = 10ºC/mol.

Since a constant rate of change means constant slope, this you conclude that the relationship is linear.

8. Ability to conduct an electric current.

Electric current is the flow of charges.

Ions are charged particles. There are positive ions (cations) and negative ions (ions) dissolved; this is, they are free to move in solution.

Current is the rate of flow of the charge, thus the greater the number of ions in solution, the greater the flow of charge, which is a greater current.

That explains why the greater the concentration of the ions in the solution the greater the abiity fo the solution to conduct electricity.

Pure water has a low concentration of ions (H⁺ and OH⁻) thus it has a very low ability to conduct electricity. But adding a solute, like an acid, a base, or a salt (like NaCl in this case), increases the number of ions in solution, and thus a solution with a high concetration of solute will have a great ability to conduct electricity.

9. Identify the solute and solvent.

The concentrations of the solute normally are relatively low, because they are the component with less particles in the solution.

in scientific notation, the value of the  speed of light in a vacuum

  will be written as 2.995 * 10^8. when this value is represented in the form of

  a * 10^b, then, a = 2.995 and b = 8.

the value of the speed of light in a vacuum given above can also be rounded up to approximately 300000000. in this case, the scientific notation will be written as 3 *10^8.

b. accuracy of the data matters alot more than its number of digits, organization or amount of detail. quantitative observation is more accepted than the qualitative observation.