Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies per cubic meter for copper at 1000K. The energy for vacancy formation is 0.9eV/atom; the atomic weight and density at 1000K for copper are 63.5g/mol and 8.45g/cm3, respectively.

Therefore the equilibrium number of vacancies per unit cubic meter =2.34×10²⁴ vacancies/ mole

Explanation:

The equilibrium number of of vacancies is denoted by .

It is depends on

To find  equilibrium number of of vacancies we have find N.

Here ρ= 8.45 g/cm³  =8.45 ×10⁶m³

= Avogadro Number = 6.023×10²³

= 63.5 g/mole

    g/mole

Here =0.9 ev/atom , T= 1000k

Therefore the equilibrium number of vacancies per unit cubic meter,

   =2.34×10²⁴ vacancies/ mole

b) mutualism

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