Use Bond energies to estimate the heats of formation of the following gases:

Compound Hf (kJ/mol)
NF3 =
H2N-NH2 =
F2C=CH2* =
CH3Cl* =

*Hint: The standard state of carbon is solid graphite, but bond energies are for reactions in which all reactants and products are in the gas phase. You must use the heat of formation of carbon gas and bond energies to determine this energy.

"among the transition metal elements, manganese and zinc have a slight lowering of electronegativities. the reason behind this is that the nuclear charges of these elements are slightly weaker than the other transition metal elements due to the way their valence electrons are filled up. both manganese and zinc have their valence electrons filled up to the 4th shell with 1 pair of electrons (4s2) completely occupying it. although the electrons in the 3rd shell (3d) are yet to be paired since the outer most shell is filled up, the ability of the nucleus to attract electrons is lessened. hence,   the electronegativity (or the ability to attract electrons) is lessened."

the answer is b. dilution

water at room temperature is flowing through a pipe with pressure taps located 10 ft apart along one section of the pipe, which are connected to a mercury (s=13.6) manometer.