A piston-cylinder device has two stops; a lower set and an upper set, that constrain the cylinder. When the piston is on the lower stops, the volume is 0.4 liters. When the piston reaches the upper stops, the volume is 0.6 liters. The piston-cylinder initially contains water at 100 kpa and a quality of 20%. The water is heated until it is completely transformed to steam. Additionally, the mass of the piston requires a pressure of 300kpa to raise it. When the piston hits the upper stops:

Determine the final pressure in the cylinder

Determine heat input

Determine work for the overall process

Hint: there are 4 states. Think about the process involved

2080kJ

Explanation:

m(U4 - U1) = Q4 - W4

If P is less than 300kpa, then V = 0.4L

If P is greater than 300kpa, then V = 0.6L

If P is equal to 300kpa, then 0.4L < V < 0.6L

At 100kpa, vf = 0.001043m/kg and vg = 1.693m³/kg

Level 1

v1 = 0.001043 + 0.2 x 1.693 = 0.33964

m = V1/v1 ⇔ 0.4/0.33964

m = 1.178kg

u1 = 417.36 + 0.2 x 2088.7 = 835.1kJ/kg

Level 3

v3 = 0.6/1.178 = 0.5095 < vG = 0.6058 at P3 is equal to 300kpa

NOTE: Piston does reach upper stops to reach saturated vapor

Level 4

v4 = v3 = 0.5095m³/kg = vG at P4

P4 = 361kpa, u4 = 2550.0kJ/kg

1W4 = 1W2 + 2W3 + 3W4 = 0 + 2W3 + 0

1W4 = P2 (V3 - V2) = 300 x (0.6 - 0.4) = 60kJ

1Q4 = m(u4 -u1) + 1W4 = 1.178(2550.0 - 835.1) + 60 = 2080kJ

smooth muscle is composed of involuntary muscles found within the walls of organs and structures such as the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. those muscles push materials like food or blood through organs. unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle can never be under your control.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.