What were the concentrations of the solutions (zinc solution, copper solution, and salt bridge)? were the concentrations consistent with those of standard state conditions? explain your answer.

1. 1M for zinc and copper solutions. No concentration was needed for the salt bridge.

2. See explanation.

Explanation:

Hello,

1. In this case, and considering the experiment you performed, the concentration of both copper solution and zinc solution were measured as 1 M, while the concentration of salt bridge was not taken into account.

2. However, as the reaction proceeded, the transfer of anions allowed the total charges in solution to remain neutral until the end, thus, the net movement of anions produced a concentration gradient between the solutions. It means that, after a while the net concentration of both anions and cations in the zinc oxidation section became greater than in the copper reduction section, making the concentration gradient opposite to the movement of anions. In such a way, as anions moved, cations moved to the right as well.

Best regards.

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.