Intravenous, or iv, solutions used in medicine must exert the same osmotic pressure as blood to prevent a net flow of water into or out of the blood cells. the proper concentration for an intravenous nacl solution is 0.90 g nacl per 100. ml of solution (sometimes referred to as 0.90 % m/v).
1. if the van't hoff factor of nacl is i = 1.8, what is the osmotic pressure of blood at body temperature, 37°c?

7.055 atm

Explanation:

T = (273 + 37)K = 310K

The ideal gas constant = 0.0821atm.L/mol.K

Concentration = (0.90g)*(1mol/58.4g/0.100mL) = 0.154mol/L

Molar mass= Concentration*i

Osmotic pressure = Molar mass *the ideal gas constant*T

OP = (0.154)*(1.8)*(0.0821)*(310) = 7.055 atm

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.

every chemical equation adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. therefore, there must be the same number of atoms of each element on each side of a chemical equation.